Foreword

The fifth edition of the AIAA Aerospace Design Engineers Guide (ADEG) is a revised and enlarged version of the previous edition. It has been prepared under the charter of the AIAA Design Engineering Technical Committee to assist the design engineer in creating and defining practical aerospace products. The intended scope of this guide is to provide a condensed collection of commonly used engineering reference data and to also function as a general reference guide for disciplines related specifically to aerospace design.

The previous editions were published in 1983, 1987, 1993, and 1998, and the guide will be updated whenever the committee has accumulated sufficient material to warrant a new edition. The fifth edition has been enlarged and rearranged to enhance user access and utilization.

Materials included in the guide were compiled principally from design manuals and handbooks. the Design Engineering Technical Committee is indebted to many people and companies for their voluntary cooperation.

The committee does not guarantee the accuracy of the information in this guide, and it should not be referenced as a final authority for certification of designs. We solicit your comments and suggestions for improvement, including corrections and candidate new materials, so that future editions can better fulfill the needs of the design engineering community.

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Table of Contents

Preface

Introduction

Section 1.....Mathematics

Greek Alphabet • SI Prefixes • Algebra • Trigonometry • Mensuration • Analytic Geometry • Differential Calculus • Integral Calculus • Differential Equations • Complex Quantities • Some Standard Series • Matrix Operations • Determinants • Curve Fitting • Small-Term Approximations • Vector Equations

Section 2.....Conversion Factors

Length [l] • Area [A] • Volume [V] • Plane Angle [q] • Solid Angle • Mass [m] • Density [r] • Time [t] • Velocity [v] • Pressure [p] • Force [F] • Energy, Work, Heat [W] • Power [P] • Temperature [T] • Absolute or Dynamic Viscosity [m] • Thermal Conductivity [k] • Inductance [L] • Kinematic Viscosity [v = m/r] • Capacitance [c] • Electrical Resistance [R] • Electrical Resistivity, Reciprocal Conductivity [r] • Magnetic Field Intensity [H] • Magnetomotive Force • Magnetic Flux [f] • Magnetic Flux Density [B] • Fundamental Constants • Common Derived Units

Section 3.....Materials and Specifications

Metallic Materials • Weights of Liquids • Weights of Gases • Composite vs Metal Alloy • Composite Material Behavior • Galvanic Series

Section 4.....Sections Properties

Plane Areas • Solids • Shells

Section 5.....Structural Design

Beam Formulas
Torsion Formulas—Solid and Tubular Sections • Torsion Formulas—Thin-Walled Open Sections • Position of Flexural Center Q for Different Sections • Buckling and Stress • Columns • Plates • Rivet Strengths • Bolt and Screw Strengths • Vibration • Characteristics of Harmonic Motion • Forced Vibration • Beam Natural Frequency • Plate Natural Frequency

Section 6.....Mechanical Design

Springs • Machine Screws—Tap Drill and Clearance Drill Sizes • Decimal Equivalents of Drill Size • Standard Gages • Coefficients of Static and Sliding Friction • Gears • Formulas for Brakes, Clutches, and Couplings • Pumps • Control System Loads • Dynamic-Stop Loads • Friction of Pulleys and Rollers • Cables • Bearings and Bushings • Rods and Links • Shafts • Pins • Actuators • Cylindrical Fits • Key Joints • Kinematics

Section 7.....Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (ANSI/ASME Y14.5M-1994)

ASME Y14.5M-1994 • Geometric Symbols, Definitions, and Modifiers • Material Condition Symbols and Definitions • Standard Rules • Location Tolerance • Straightness of a Surface • Straightness of an Axis • Flatness• Circularity [Roundness] • Cylindricity • Parallelism • Profile of a Line • Profile of a Surface • Perpendicularity • Angularity • Concentricity • Symmetry • Circular Runout • Total Runout • Positioning for Symmetry • Composite Positional Tolerancing • Datum Targets • Example Datum Targets • Manufacturing Cost vs Tolerance • Conversion Chart • Conversion of True Position Tolerance Zone to/from Coordinate Tolerance Zone

Section 8.....Electrical/Electronic/Electromagnetic Design

Electrical Symbol Definitions • Ohm’s Law • Wire Chart • Resistor Color Codes • Properties of Insulating Materials • Connectors • Interface Connector Pin Assignments per RS-232-C • Resistor, Capacitor, Inductance Combinations • Dynamic Elements and Networks • Laplace Transforms • Electromagnetic Symbol Definition • Electromagnetic Spectrum (Wave Length vs Frequency • Voice Transmission Facilities • Radar and Electronics Countermeasures Bands • Antennas • Radar Cross Section • Scattering Mechanism • Radar Cross Section Estimation Formulas • Radar Cross Section Design Guidelines

Section 9.....Aircraft and Helicopter Design

Vehicle Definitions • Aerodynamics • Performance • Helicopter Design • Bibliography

Section 10....Air Breathing Propulsion Design

Propeller Propulsion Symbols • Propeller Thrust per Shaft Horsepower vs Airspeed • Jet Propulsion Glossary • Jet Propulsion Engine Nomenclature • Gas Turbine and Turbojet Performance Parameters • Gas Turbine Correction Parameters • Gas Turbine Station Notations • Gas Turbine Fundamentals • Propulsive Efficiency • Normal Shock Waves • Oblique Shock Waves • Subsonic Inlets and Exhaust Systems • Multi-Mission Inlets and Exhaust Systems • Ramjet and Scramjet Engines

Section 11.....Spacecraft and Launch Vehicle Design

Spacecraft General Information • Launch Vehicles • Space Environment • Orbital Mechanics • Propulsion Systems • Attitude Control • Power Systems • Thermal Control • Fluid Systems for Heat Transfer • Communications • Structure Design and Test • Bibliography